The Farmers Market

The Farmers Market The farmers markets, which are often organized as non-commercial organizations, play an important role in the emerging of the alternative food network. The impact of these organizations on the development of the food network partially can be explained by the processes of the regional clustering1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Farmers Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The farmers market in this particular case fulfils the function of the food distribution from the agricultural to the urban environment. With the rapid growth of the urban population, the need for the food supply is constantly increasing. At the same time, many products are produced in the suburban areas. Together they form the chain that plays an important role in the food supply. â€Å"Allegedly the tradition of direct agricultural markets was brought to North America from Europe and spread across the continent with European settlementâ₠¬  2 The first reported case of the farmers market appearance in America took place in the seventeenth century. However, the real boom of the farmers markets was observed beginning from the 1970. The existing popularity of this AFN may be explained by many factors. These are not only the producers wish for the attaining benefits and the consumers interest in the fresh foods, but also the specific friendly atmosphere on the farmers market. The importance of this sphere for the American food system can hardly be overestimated. The benefits of the farmers market are obvious as for the consumers as well as for the farmers. The consumers are attracted by the fresh and healthy products, and by the great variety of them, as compared with the supermarket chain.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers patronize farmers markets first and foremost because of the superior quality o f the produce relative to that which may be found at regular large-scale supermarkets. 3 Low prices are another benefit of the farmers markets. It goes without saying, that the quality of the products is better than in the supermarket. For the farmers the benefit lies in the cost saving of the production transportation and in the ability of the wholesale with the large grocery companies. Moreover, sometimes the farmers are attracted by the simplicity of the trade process and the absence of the bureaucratic acrimony, as it often happens with the large companies. Not only the freshness of the products, but also the direct contact of the consumer with the farmers were the main factors, which guaranteed the farmers markets popularity. Moreover, this AFN profited the development of the local agricultural sector and for the development of the local economy. Qazi and Selfa in their research found out that the major part of the customers were attracted by the freshness of the products and b y the great possibility of choice, rather than money economy. 4 At the same time, it must be admitted that there are several definite problems with which the producers of the agricultural products face. Industrialization is one of them. Historically the structure of agriculture in America was organized on the basis of the hereditary system which was â€Å"a powerful and effective form of economic organization†5. Such a structure was not only the basis of the economic wealth, but also the â€Å"important social and political value to the development of our nation†.6Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Farmers Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Last time, there is a tendency for changing of this agricultural structure. In the present time, the circumstances force farmers to increase the output of the production. It leads to the industrialization and the commercialization of the agricultural structur e. According to the statistic research the amount of farms are constantly decreasing. Such a tendency constitutes a menace to the existing of the farmers markets. The problem is not only in reducing the amount of farms. At the present day, a great deal of farmers in order to be competitive use the modern technologies. The industrialization of the agricultural sector often leads to the usage of the genetic engineering in farming. Many researches state that the industrialization possesses a definite threat to farming. In spite the fact that the influence of it on the global economy of the country is doubtful, Hamilton proposes several ways to sustain it at least in the agricultural sphere. First, it is necessary to reignite the debate over the industrialization7 in order the society to understand all its consequences. Secondly, it is necessary to regulate some economic relations, such as the use of the contract production in the cattle breeding. Moreover, there must be implemented a c ertain regulatory environment for the farmers protection. In spite all these negative factors, it is necessary to mention some positive events in the sphere of the farming. Not so long ago, there appeared several farming independent organizations such as the American Farm Bureau Federation, or the National Corn Growers Association.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though the tendency for the industrialization of the agricultural field is still high, the consumers’ interest for the fresh agrarian products does not subside. With the development of the industrialization, the price for the natural products becomes a less significant factor for the consumer. The interest to this AFN will promote the appearance of the new markets. Bibliography Hamilton, Neil. Agriculture Without Farmers? Is Industrialization Restructuring American Food Production and Threatening the Future of Sustainable Agriculture?. Northern Illinois University Law preview 14. (1994): 613-657 Porter, Michael. Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy. Economic Development Quarterly 14, no. 15. (2000): 15-34. Taylor, Davis and Chad Mille. Rethinking local business clusters: the case of food clusters for promoting community development. Community Development 41, no.1. (2010): 108-120. Spitzer, Thomas and Henry Baum. â€Å"Public Mar kets and Community Revitalization†. The Urban Land Institute and Project for Public Spaces 10. (1995):29-69. Qazi, Joan and Theresa Selfa. â€Å"The Politics of Building Alternative Agro-food Networks in the Belly of Agro-industry†. University of Exeter in Cornwall, and Utah State University 14. (2004):46-71. Footnotes 1 Davis Taylor and Chad Mille, Rethinking local business clusters: the case of food clusters for promoting community development, Community Development 41, no.1, (2010): 114. 2 Thomas Spitzer and Henry Baum, â€Å"Public Markets and Community Revitalization†, The Urban Land Institute and Project for Public Spaces 10, (1995):41 3 Michael Porter, Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy, Economic Development Quarterly 14, no. 15, (2000): 16. 4 Joan Quazi and Theresa Selfa, â€Å"The Politics of Building Alternative Agro-food Networks in the Belly of Agro-industry†, University of Exeter in Cornwall, an d Utah State University 14, (2004):52. 5 Neil Hamilton, Agriculture Without Farmers? Is Industrialization Restructuring American Food Production and Threatening the Future of Sustainable Agriculture?, Northern Illinois University Law preview 14, (1994): 614 6 Ibid., 614. 7 Ibid., 648

English Words Borrowed From the Chinese Language

English Words Borrowed From the Chinese Language Words taken completely or in part from another language are known as loanwords. In the English language, there are many loanwords that have been borrowed from Chinese languages and dialects. A loanword is not the same as calque, which is an expression from one language that has been introduced into another language as a direct translation. Many English-language calques also have origins in Chinese. Loanwords and calques are useful to linguists in examining when and how one culture processed its interaction with another. 10 English Words That Are Borrowed From Chinese 1. Coolie: While some claim that this term has its origins in Hindi, it’s been argued that it could also have origins in the Chinese term for hard work or è‹ ¦Ã¥Å â€º (kÇ” là ¬) which is literally translated as â€Å"bitter labor.† 2. Gung Ho: The term has its origins in the Chinese word Ã¥ · ¥Ã¥ Ë† (gÃ… ng hà ©) that can either mean to work together  or as an adjective to describe someone that is overly excited or too enthusiastic. The term gong he is a shortened word for industrial cooperatives which were created in China in the 1930s. During that time U.S. Marines adopted the term to mean someone with a can-do attitude. 3. Kowtow: From the Chinese Ã¥  ©Ã¥ ¤ ´ (kà ²u tà ³u) describing the ancient practice performed when anyone greeted a superior – such as an elder, leader, or emperor. The person had to kneel and bow down to the superior, making sure that their foreheads hit the ground. â€Å"Kou tou† is literally translated as â€Å"knock your head.† 4. Tycoon: The origins of this word comes from the Japanese term taikun, which was what foreigners called the shogun of Japan. A shogun was known to be someone who took over the throne and is not related to the emperor. Thus the meaning is typically used for someone who obtained power through might or hard work, rather than inheriting it. In Chinese, the Japanese term â€Å"​taikun† is Ã¥ ¤ §Ã§Å½â€¹ (d wng) which means â€Å"big prince.† There are other words in Chinese that also describe a tycoon including è ´ ¢Ã©Ëœâ‚¬ (ci f) and Ã¥ · ¨Ã¥ ¤ ´ (jà ¹ tà ³u). 5. Yen: This term comes from the Chinese word æ„ ¿ (yun) which means a hope, desire, or wish. Someone who has a strong urge for oily fast food can be said to have a yen for pizza. 6. Ketchup: The origins of this word are debated. But many believe that its origins are from either the Fujianese dialect for the fish sauce é ® ­Ã¦ ±  (guÄ « zhÄ « ) or the Chinese word for eggplant sauce èÅ'„æ ±  (qià © zhÄ «). 7. Chop Chop: This term is said to originate from the Cantonese dialect for the word Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¥ ¿ « (kui kui) which is said to urge someone to hurry up. Kuai means hurry in Chinese. â€Å"Chop Chop† appeared in English-language newspapers printed in China by foreign settlers as early as the 1800s. 8. Typhoon: This is probably the most direct loanword. In Chinese, a hurricane or typhoon is called Ã¥  °Ã© £Å½ (ti fÄ“ng). 9. Chow:  While chow is a breed of dog, it should be clarified that the term did not come to mean food because the Chinese hold the stereotype of being dog-eaters. More likely, chow as a term for food comes from the word è Å" (ci) which can mean food, a dish (to eat), or vegetables. 10. Koan: Originating in Zen Buddhism, a koan is a riddle without a solution, which is supposed to highlight the inadequacy of logic reasoning. A common one is â€Å"What is the sound of one hand clapping.† (If you were Bart Simpson, you would just fold one hand until you made a clapping noise.) Koan comes from the Japanese which comes from the Chinese for å… ¬Ã¦ ¡Ë† (gÃ… ng n). Literally translated it means common case.